Kidney cancer starts when normal cells in one or both kidneys deviate from their primary functions and grow uncontrollably, creating a lump known as a renal cortical tumor. There are different kinds of tumors: malignant, indolent, and benign. Malignant tumors are cancerous and can spread to other body parts. Indolent tumors are also cancerous but usually don’t spread much. Benign tumors can grow, but they don’t extend to other areas. So, when it comes to kidney cancer, it’s all about these abnormal cell growths in the kidneys, and the type of tumor determines if it’s likely to transmit or not.
Kidney cancer comes in various types, and the most common one is called Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC). Here are the main types of kidney cancer explained in simpler terms:
This type makes up about 90% of kidney cancer cases.
The most widespread type, making up 70-80% of cases. Cells look clear. Under a microscope, the cells look clear.
Accounts for 10-15% of cases. The cells have finger-like projections when seen under a microscope.
Makes up about 5% of cases. These cells are giant and have a distinct appearance under a microscope.
Kidney cancer is when abnormal cells in the kidney grow uncontrollably, forming a tumor. While the exact reasons for kidney cancer aren’t always clear, certain factors can increase the chances of getting it. Some common causes are – Smoking, Obesity, High Blood Pressure, Family conditions, Exposure to Chemicals, Genetic Conditions, Gender, and Age.
If kidney cancer comes back after treatment or spreads to other parts of the body, it might not be completely curable. But treatments can help control the cancer and make you more comfortable. These treatments include:
Cancer staging is a way for doctors to locate where cancer is, how far it has spread, and if it has affected other parts of the body.
Doctors use tests to figure out the stage of cancer, which helps them decide on the best treatment and predict the chances of recovery. Different types of cancer have other stage descriptions.
The TNM system is a tool doctors use to determine the cancer stage. It comprises of three questions:
The answers to these questions determine the cancer stage. For kidney cancer, there are five stages: stage 0 and stages I through IV.
The stages of kidney cancer can be determined by combining T, N, and M classifications:
Recurrent cancer means it has come back after treatment. In such cases, additional tests are performed to understand the extent of the tumor, similar to the initial diagnosis process.
To lower your chances of developing kidney cancer, your doctor can assist you in making lifestyle changes that will improve the health of your kidneys.
A 5-year relative survival rate compares people with the same type and stage of kidney cancer to the overall population. For example, an 80% rate means those with that cancer are about 80% as likely as those without it to live for at least 5 years after diagnosis. The American Cancer Society gathers this data from the SEER database, tracking survival rates based on cancer spread: localized (93%), regional (74%), and distant (17%). Other factors, like age and overall health, also affect survival rates.
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A renal mass is like an unusual lump in the kidney. It doesn't always mean cancer, and if it's not cancer, it's usually minor. Some renal masses are also known as pre-cancerous, which means they're not cancer yet but could become cancer in the future.
Family history plays a role in increasing the risk of kidney cancer. So, if a close family member, especially a sibling, has had kidney cancer, it's essential to be aware that your risk might be higher, too. Regular check-ups and a healthy lifestyle can help manage this risk and catch potential issues early on.
Usually, it spreads faster in the beginning. The speed of cancer growth is influenced by factors such as age, overall health, and family history.
Yes, new technology helps find it early for better chances. About 80% survive 5+ years if caught early. But, if it's found later, it's harder to treat, so survival rates are lower.
The treatment of kidney cancer may cause side effects, affecting energy levels and lifestyle. Support from healthcare providers and loved ones is crucial.
Yes, kidney cancer can metastasize to other organs, emphasizing the importance of early detection and treatment.
Prognosis varies based on stage, type, and overall health. Early detection and timely treatment generally lead to better outcomes.
